Bakery Hill

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Charles A. Doudiet, Swearing allegiance to the 'Southern Cross’, 1854, watercolour, pen and ink on paper.
Courtesy Art Gallery of Ballarat, purchased by the Ballarat Fine Art Gallery with the assistance of many donors, 1996.
Bakery Hill Plaque, St Paul's Way, Ballarat East, 2015. Ballarat Heritage Services Picture Collection.

Background

Bakery Hill was the hub of the Ballarat goldfields where all roads met in the narrow gully. Hotels, merchants and goldbuyers centred on Bakery Hill[1] to harness passing trade.[2] It was at Bakery Hill that the first formal gatherings of diggers took place to protest of gold licenses and police behaviour.[3]

Location

St Paul's Angilcan Church, Bakery Hill, Federation University Historical Collection.

The hill known as Bakery Hill stood out in the midst of the basin and gave a focus for public meetings.[4] Its prominence is as a distinctive location is reinforced with the location of a hilltop Church, St Paul's Anglican Church.

It was situated about 400 metres from the Government Camp in Camp Street, and there were good sight lines between both locaitons.[5]

Bakery Hill, Ballarat is not like that at all. Rather, it is the western end of a long east-west tongue or ridge, which extends from the bottom of Woodman’s Hill in the east to the Ballarat Flat in the west, bounded on the north by the long slope down to Yarrowee Creek and on the south by the steeper escarpment above Specimen Vale Creek. Victoria St runs along the top of this ridge, which appears level for most of its length, although it does in fact slope down gently towards the west. Travelling west in Victoria St, this slope becomes more apparent near King St, and more so again between East St and Humffray St, the steepest section being from just east of Humffray St to the Flat, at the conjunction of Bridge Mall and Main Road.
It is clear that this landform has no ‘top’ — no single highest point on which to bestow the name Bakery Hill. But the word ‘hill’ is also used in other ways. It may refer to an escarpment, where land rises from a flat plain to a ridge or plateau, it may describe the more level area at the top of the escarpment, or it may be applied to particular roads or tracks that climb the slope. In the case of Bakery Hill, all three usages have occurred.[6]

George Goddard lived on Bakery Hill, close to 'the old trysting place of the diggers during the license agitation.[7]

The Bakery

According to the anecdotal oral evidence of his 86-year-old grandson in 1977, Dresden-born Charles Gottlieb Schultz, together with his business partner Henry Boning, ran a bakery next door to the National School in Humffray St Nth (opposite the present Bakery Hill post office) during 1852-1856, after which he became a farmer at Waubra, where he is buried.[8]


"A very old colonist Mr. John Balderston, died on Tuesday. Born at Kirkaldy, Fifeshire, in 1831, he engaged in 1851 as a station hand with Philip Russell, of Carngham, but hearing at the Cape of the discovery of gold at Port Phillip, he and his companions started for the goldfields on their arrival in Hobson's Bay.
He built the first bakery in Ballarat, near the present St. Paul's Church, since known as Bakery Hill. Some years ago he purchased a property at Glenalvie, near Loch, where he died at the age of 77 years.[9]

The Bakery Hill Meetings

A temporary platform had been erected in prepartion for the Bakery Hill meeting of 11 November 1854. J.B. Humffray was in the Chair, and the proceedings were opened by Dr Carr. Thomas Kennedy addresses the crowd starting with "Brother diggers!". He advised unity and to obey the law, but denies the legality of the licence tax. He decalires he would die for the Queen, but would shed the last drop of his blood before paying another licence fee. The Ballarat Reform League is is officially launched at this meeting with J.B. Humffray as the President, Timothy Hayes as Chairman and George Black as Secretary.


On 29 November 1854 a ‘Monster Meeting’ was held on Bakery Hill against the gold licence which was seen as an unjust tax. A flag, representing the Southern Cross, with white stars on a dark blue background, was said to be flown on an eighty foot pole. The diggers took the ‘Oath of the Southern Cross’. They knelt, and with heads uncovered pointed to the banner and said,

We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and defend our rights and liberties.

The Ballarat Times reported:

During the whole of the morning several men were busily employed in erecting a stage and planting the flagstaff. This is a splendid pole of about 80 feet and straight as an arrow. This work being completed about 11 o’clock, the Southern Cross was hoisted, and its maiden appearance was a fascinating object to behold. There is no flag in Europe, or in the civilised world, half so beautiful and Bakery Hill as being the first place where the Australian ensign was first hoisted, will be recorded in the deathless and indelible pages of history. The flag is silk, blue ground with a large silver cross; no device or arms, but all exceedingly chaste and natural.[10]
Sign on St Paul's Hall, Bakery Hill, erected by the Ballarat Historical Society

In 1856 another meeting was held on Bakery Hill discussed the erection of a monument to the men who fell at the Eureka Stockade.[11]

Lalor's Stump

HISTORIC TREE STUMP
Where Eureka Stockaders Discussed Grievances
BALLARAT, Tuesday. — Mr R. S. Reed, of Barkly Street, claims that an old tree stump on the south side of Victoria Street, near Humffray Street, is the historic tree at which the pioneer diggers gathered in the days before the Eureka Stockade, to discuss their grievances against the officialdom of the time. The locality was better known as Bakery Hill, which was also famous for yielding the great Welcome Nugget. It was there that the incensed diggers burnt their licences to show their con tempt for the administration of the law. Mr Reed suggests that a committee of citizens be formed to take steps to beautify the spot, and to preserve the tree stump.[12]


The stump of the old tree at Bakery Hill, near Ballarat (Viv.), which was the rendezvous of the goldminers in the troublous times of 1854, has been securely fenced in, and the enclosed area is to be planted with floriferous trees. The spot is adjacent to Eureka, which is famed alike for the stockade fight and for the fact that the Welcome Nugget. (sold for £10,500) was discovered in 1858 within a stone's throw of it.[13]

In the News

During the whole of the morning several men were busily employed in erecting a stage and planting the flagstaff. This is a splendid pole of about 80 feet and straight as an arrow. This work being completed about 11 o’clock, the Southern Cross was hoisted, and its maiden appearance was a fascinating object to behold. There is no flag in Europe, or in the civilised world, half so beautiful and Bakery Hill as being the first place where the Australian ensign was first hoisted, will be recorded in the deathless and indelible pages of history. The flag is silk, blue ground with a large silver cross; no device or arms, but all exceedingly chaste and natural.[14]

Further Reading

Where did the Bakery Hill monster meetings take place?

Also See

Ballarat Reform League

Ballarat Reform League Inc. Monuments Project

http://www.eurekapedia.org/Public_Record_Office_Victoria_VPRS_4066_Bakery_Meeting_of_28_November_1854

Eureka Flag

J.B. Humffray

John Holland

References

  1. The Eureka Trails publicity brochure, undated.
  2. Bakery Hill is mentioned under Ballarat East entry IN https://www.victorianplaces.com.au/ballarat-east
  3. Paul Morrison & Trevor Owens, Bakery Hill - Past and Present : A Social Documentary, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Thesis, 1978.
  4. Paul Morrison & Trevor Owens, Bakery Hill - Past and Present : A Social Documentary, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Thesis, 1978.
  5. Paul Morrison & Trevor Owens, Bakery Hill - Past and Present : A Social Documentary, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Thesis, 1978.
  6. Where did the Bakery Hill monster meetings take place? by Jack Harvey.
  7. W.B. Withers, History of Ballarat and Some Reminiscences, Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.
  8. Where did the Bakery Hill monster meetings take place? by Jack Harvey.
  9. The Argus, 28 December 1908.
  10. Ballarat Times, 30 November 1854.
  11. William Withers, History of Ballarat, p.105.
  12. The Herald, 09 June 1931.
  13. North Western Courier, 13 July 1931.
  14. Ballarat Times, 30 November 1854.
Samuel Thomas Gill, Deep Sinking, Bakery Hill, Ballarat - 1853, handcoloured lithograph.
Art Gallery of Ballarat, Ronald Wrigley Estate, 1979.