George Young

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Background

George E. Young was an American from Newbury, Massachusetts, United States of America. [1]

According to E. Daniel and Annette Potts American Republicanism and the Victorian Goldfields 'Captain George E. young of Newburyport (Massachusetts) - who arrived from New York on the Panama on 8 June 1853 - was one of the many Yankees, who, "with a long whip, long pistols, and a long Bowie knife in his belt" contracted to drive the gold escort's carts or, as in this case, to carry baggage for the military.[2] Young was not on the passenger list of the Panama, but probably arrived as the ship's doctor.

Goldfields Involvement, 1854

A driver of the Gold Escort carts, Young carried a long whip, long pistols and a long Bowie Knife in his belt. He was carrying supplies from Melbourne for the Military to Ballarat on 28 November 1854 when assailed by angry diggers. Young was injured and his carts overturned. He recovered but his horse was killed. In the same skirmish storekeeper and hotelier Benden Hassell, and a drummer boy of the 12th Regiment, John Egan, were shot. They were injured around nine o’clock at night, it being quite a dark night. They marched with supplies, starting from Melbourne the previous night at five o’clock and the Military were extremely tired. [3]

During the time of this skirmish, Americans, including James Tarleton as guest of honour, were dining in honour of Thanksgiving at the Victoria Hotel, Ballarat. Tarleton, in a petition to Government, described George Young as a man somewhat advanced in life, of good character, with a family to support.[4]

Young was paid £210 for conveyance of soldiers on 28 November 1854 and 18 December 1854 in relation to the military at Eureka in December 1854.[5]

George Train explains:

The driver alluded to as being injured on Tuesday evening was Capt. Geo. E. Young, of Newburyport [Massachusetts], who was taking up some of the 40th in an American waggon. His friends will be glad to hear of his recovery. His horse was killed by the governor pays the boll. [6]


Pre-Eureka Incident - 28 November 1854
“The onslaught upon the troops appears to have been unprovoked and savage, and it excited general disgust in the minds of the colonists everywhere out of Ballarat.” Walter Bramwell Withers in his History of Ballarat was referring to an incident on the 28 November, 1854. The publican of the London Hotel, Benden Sherritt Hassell was shot in the leg. During the same fracas the drummer boy of the 12th Regiment, John Egan, was shot in the thigh and George Young, who owned the waggons, was also injured. Raffaello Carboni described it as a “cowardly attack” by the miners. They had thrown stones and bottles at the troops on their way into Ballarat between nine and ten o’clock on this dark November evening and allegedly had fired shots into the crowd.
Assistant surgeon of the 12th Regiment, George Arden reported, that “as soon as we got into the diggings a mob of diggers collected and assailed us with cries of Joe! Joe!” “We were pelted with large stones and bottles. … One of the carts was capsized, the driver and two men were severely injured, the men were turned out and ordered to load. We found two men missing and a party went back to find them. They were laying [sic] off the road badly wounded. When the soldiers turned out and loaded the crowd dispersed. … We were shortly after joined by the 40th men from the Camp. During the disturbance several shots were fired by the diggers, but the military never returned the fire. … Our Drummer boy was shot in the leg.”
Lance Corporal George Sharpe, also of the 12th Regiment corroborating the evidence of the assistant surgeon said, “ I was with the third cart from the rear when the mob attacked us, with stones, sticks and bottles. I heard some shots fired by the diggers; some shots were fired at us. I am quite certain that none of the soldiers fired a shot. I never heard any Officer ask the road to the camp. The drivers appeared to know the way.”
One of the main arguments for compensation for Mr Benden Hassell was that the drivers asked him the way to the camp. This subsequently was the reason that he was shot in the leg, because he was in the middle of the road, and in the firing line. It was argued therefore that it was the government who should be responsible for compensating him for his injuries. However the witnesses deposed that the shots were fired by the insurgents and that the military had loaded, but not fired a shot.
The reasons for the Military proceeding through a hostile area late on a dark night were dubious. They had left Melbourne at 5 o’clock on the previous evening, and arrived at the Ballarat Diggings “around 9 or 10 o’clock” the next night. This was usually a three day march, so the troops arriving at the Eureka Lead were “jaded” and “marching very slowly.”
The Melbourne Argus reported that “a portion of the military force despatched from town on Monday had arrived, [at Ballarat] and that in passing through the diggings the soldiers were pelted with broken glass and other missiles by some diggers. The military received this manifestation of feeling in the best possible temper, and did not attempt to irritate the mob by indulging in gestures or movements which might be interpreted to mean other than a friendly inclination to them.” … “a poor drummer was shot through the leg – are these deeds which will enlist the sympathy of an intelligent people? Is the maiming of a drummer boy a worthy triumph for a large mass of a British population who wish to occupy a creditable position in the eyes of the world? Surely not!”
Nothing was written about the injury to Benden Sherritt Hassell, although he also was shot during the same incident as the drummer boy and George Young, the carter. Hassell and his partner, Robert Monckton, were co-owners of the London Hotel. Later some of the wounded sheltered at the London Hotel after the Eureka massacre.
Benden Hassell applied to the government for compensation in 1855, stating that “at night on the 28th of November, 1854, a detachment of soldiers with military stores arrived on Ballaarat, and as they were passing over that part of the diggings known as the Eureka – along the road leading by the London Hotel, the Officer in command enquired … the way to the Government Camp, on Ballaarat, and he [Mr. Hassell] went out into the road and gave the Officer the information desired … As he [Mr. Hassall] was returning into the Hotel after pointing out the way to the Officer he was shot in the leg.”
Timothy Doyle, surgeon on the Eureka Lead gave evidence that Mr. Benden Hassell was under his care “for a period of four months, labouring under the effect of a gunshot wound of the left leg, …, which severely incapacitated him from following his usual business; from the severe nature of this wound” he had not recovered. … “That the bullet” had “not yet been extracted from the limb; and from present appearances it is very probable that Mr. Hassall will have to undergo a severe surgical operation before there is any chance of his recovering [if at all], the active use of the wounded limb, or be freed from frequent attacks of excruciating pain.”
Mr. Hassell was “well known as a peaceable and loyal British subject, and in no way countenanced or aided in any manner the unfortunate disturbances which took place on the Eureka, either at the time he received the wound or on any subsequent occasion.”
Four hundred and eighty-six men signed the petition urging the government to consider compensation for such a worthy case. The Board, however, in determining the judgement, made a suggestion that a “small donation from each of the individuals” who had signed the petition would “demonstrate their sympathy with the petitioner [Hassall] in a much more intelligible form, and more advantageous to his interests”.[7]

Post 1854 Experiences

Tarleton petitioned the government for compensation for Young who he said was 'a man somewhat advanced in life, of good character' with a family to support.<Tarleton to Colonial Secretary, 6 January 1855, Melbourne Consulate Letter Book, 1853-1862, Volume 146, NAA</ref>

See also

George Train

Benden Sherritt Hassell Compensation Case

Military

Further Reading

Corfield, J.,Wickham, D., & Gervasoni, C. The Eureka Encyclopaedia, Ballarat Heritage Services, 2004.


References

  1. Wickham, D., Gervasoni, C. & Phillipson, W., Eureka Research Directory, Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.
  2. E. Daniel and Annette Potts American Republicanism and the Victorian Goldfields IN historical Studies, Volume 13, Number 50, April 1968
  3. VPRS 1199 Unit 468 Bundle 6 Young, Bundle 3 George F Train, Bundle 6 Robert Moorhead Wickham, D., Gervasoni, C. & Phillipson, W., Eureka Research Directory, Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.
  4. Wickham, D., Gervasoni, C. & Phillipson, W., Eureka Research Directory, Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.
  5. Wickham, D., Gervasoni, C. & Phillipson, W., Eureka Research Directory, Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.
  6. Train, George F., A Yankee Merchant in Goldrush Australia, William Heinemann Australia Pty Ltd, 1970, p165.
  7. Dorothy Wickham, A Pre-Eureka Incident, https://ballaratheritage.com.au/article/a-pre-eureka-incident/

External links



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