Difference between revisions of "Country of Origin"

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[[File:SLV H141890.jpg|500px|thumb|right| ''Eureka Stockade'' by Beryl Ireland, c1995. State Library of Victoria (H141890)<Br>This work is an over-painted photographic print, photographed by an unknown photographer from the painted canvas by Izett Watson and [[Thaddeus Welch]], which was exhibited as a painted cyclorama in the 'Battle of Waterloo' Cyclorama building, Fitzroy, ca. 1891. This is based on the evidence that the pulleys and brick wall are discernible at the top edge of the image which B. Ireland has not over-painted.]]
 
[[File:SLV H141890.jpg|500px|thumb|right| ''Eureka Stockade'' by Beryl Ireland, c1995. State Library of Victoria (H141890)<Br>This work is an over-painted photographic print, photographed by an unknown photographer from the painted canvas by Izett Watson and [[Thaddeus Welch]], which was exhibited as a painted cyclorama in the 'Battle of Waterloo' Cyclorama building, Fitzroy, ca. 1891. This is based on the evidence that the pulleys and brick wall are discernible at the top edge of the image which B. Ireland has not over-painted.]]
 
[[File:GILL ST - Lucky digger that returned - 1967.128-wiki.jpg|1000px|thumb|right|Samuel Thomas Gill, ''Lucky digger that returned,'' c1852, watercolour and gum arabic on paper. <br>Art Gallery of Ballarat, gift of Mr. Tony Hamilton and Miss. S.E. Hamilton, 1967.]]
 
  
 
== Background ==
 
== Background ==
  
==
+
The 1850s  Victorian goldfields population was one of the most cosmopolitan places in Australia and was comprised of many nationalities. All inhabitants lived under the British legal system, and many being foreigners or reformists were displeased with the laws governing them. Some had fled troubles in Continental Europe and elsewhere, and had witnessed the results of oppressive tyrants and governments. Some had been Chartists in England while others followed enlightened views in their homelands, and did not want to be repressed once again. <ref>Wickham, D., Gervasoni, C. & Phillipson, W., ''Eureka Research Directory'', Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.</ref>
== Headline text ==
 
 
 
==
 
== Headline text ==
 
==
 
==
 
 
 
The 1850s  Victorian goldfields population was one of the most cosmopolitan places in Australia and comprising many nationalities. All inhabitants lived under the British legal system, and many being foreigners or reformists were displeased with the laws governing them. Some had fled troubles in Continental Europe and elsewhere, and had witnessed the results of oppressive tyrants and governments. Some had been Chartists following enlightened views in their homelands, and did not want to be repressed once again. <ref>Wickham, D., Gervasoni, C. & Phillipson, W., ''Eureka Research Directory'', Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.</ref>
 
  
 
[[James Madden]] wrote in 1904:  
 
[[James Madden]] wrote in 1904:  
Line 20: Line 10:
  
 
==Eureka - A Multicultural Event==
 
==Eureka - A Multicultural Event==
 +
[[File:Gold licence hunts 2.jpg|right|''Document showing returns''<br>Public Record Office Victoria]]
 +
[[Eureka - Multicultural Event]]
 +
 +
https://ballaratheritage.com.au/article/eureka-a-multicultural-affair/
 +
 +
The NATURALISATION OF FOREIGNERS.
 +
A meeting of the Germans on [[Ballarat]], was held last evening at the [[Old Kayser's Hotel]], Main Road, for the purpose of petitioning Parliament to grant foreigners the same privilege after naturalisation, as possessed by British born subjects.
 +
Mr [[Charles Wiesenhavern]] being called to the chair, briefly opened the proceedings by stating the purpose of the meeting. Mr [[C. P. Fassert]], alluding to a speech delivered in the Legislative Assembly by Dr. Evans, (on the second clause of the Electoral Amendment Bill), on the subject of naturalized foreigners being entitled to the same privileges as British subjects, and stated that there were 20,000 Germans in this colony, who, not only observed the same laws and restrictions as British subjects, but were very frequently called upon to act as jurymen at inquests and criminal sittings; they had taxes, duties, &c, and consequently ought to be entitled to the same priviliges. Mr Fassert moved, and Mr A. Pohl
 +
seconded— "That a petition be sent by all Germans to the Houses of Parliament, praying for those priviliges."—Carried.
 +
Mr [[Emil Pohl]] moved, and Mr Hoevermann seconded— "That a committee be formed for the purpose of framing the petitions and to act in favor of the movement."—Carried.
 +
Mr F. Courtain moved, and Mr C. Berghaff
 +
seconded "That the Committee should at once enter into correspondence with the German Residents in Melbourne, &c., and the gold fields, for the purpose of joining the movement."—Carried. Mr [[Adolph Pohl]] moved, and C. P. Fassert
 +
seconded "That all other European Nations and Americans be called upon to petition for the same oject."—Carried. The following committee was formed to carry out the movement, viz.:—Messrs. Emil Pohl, Max. Hoevermann, C. Ph. Fassert, and Charles Wiesenhavern. A vote of thanks to the Chairman concluded the proceedings of the evening.<ref>''The Star'' 24 December 1856</ref>
 +
 +
 +
'''Eureka Remembrance Pathway at the Eureka Centre'''
 +
 +
A Pathway of Remembrance for the 35 lives lost at the Battle of Eureka in 1854 was unveiled recently by the Irish Ambassador to Australia, Mr Tim Mawe.
 +
Mr Mawe said that the values of Eureka were long term in pursuing equality fairness and democracy and were equally relevant to his country.
 +
Costing $18 000, the Pathway of Remembrance was supported by diplomatic missions to Australia which provided plaques to honour their fallen citizens, including the British High Commission, High Commission of Canada, Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany and Embassy of the Republic of Ireland.
 +
Additional plaques have been funded by the City of Goulburn and Mulwaree (Australia) and Eureka Australia, with project funding and delivery by the City of Ballarat.
 +
 +
Thirty-five eucalyptus trees are planted along the Pathway with plaques indicating the country of origin of the person who died.
  
[[Eureka - Multicultural Event]]
+
The Pathway equally honours all the men and women who died at the Eureka Stockade, but whose names are not recorded.
 +
The path begins at the Eureka Circle where the story of Eureka is depicted across 20 individual panels, and then cuts across the lawn to reach the memorial to the Pikeman’s dog, an Irish terrier, who stayed with his master when he was shot at Eureka.<ref>Excerpt from ''The Cornish Association of Victoria Inc. Ballarat Branch Newsletter'', August 2022, pages 7-8.</ref>
  
 
== Jews and Eureka ==
 
== Jews and Eureka ==
 +
[[Samuel Lazarus]] a young Jewish schoolmaster from Liverpool made his way to the Ballarat goldfields. He gave a vivid account of the lead up to Eureka in his diary. He describes a 'cruel butchery ... cold-blooded murder ... unpardonable recklessness' when writing about the Eureka Affair.<ref>Hilary L. Rubenstein, The Jews in Victoria 1835-1985, Allen & Unwin, 1986, page 19. Rubenstein notes that 'He should not be confused with Samuel Lazarus, a Melbourne fancy goods importer who was president of the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation in 1865. Rubenstein also notes that the Samuel Lazarus Diary is housed at La Trobe Library, MS 11484.</ref> [[Charles Dyte]] and [[Henry Harris]] both freemasons and both Jewish were members of the Ballarat Reform League and drafted resolutions at the Monster Meetings on Bakery Hill in November 1854. [[Edward Thonen]] a lemonade seller was the only Jewish person killed on the 3 December 1854.
  
 
http://jewishhistoryaustralia.net/jha/Eureka.htm
 
http://jewishhistoryaustralia.net/jha/Eureka.htm
 +
 +
== Eureka & the Indigenous Population ==
 +
 +
An incident on the Ballarat goldfields on 21 September 1851 illustrates the intention of the government forces and their preparedness to intervene in case of disorder. Commissioner Doveton and his assistant David Armstrong explained to the diggers the government’s decision to introduce licensing fees, which attracted an angry response from the miners. A public meeting was held immediately, and when the first men came forward to pay the fee, 13 they were struck and pelted by ‘the mob’ as Dana called them. Had it not been for the presence of the Native Police, Dana reported, ''those diggers would have been seriously injured'' (Fels 1988, p. 213)’. <ref>Clark, Ian D.,
 +
Another Side of Eureka - the Aboriginal presence on the Ballarat goldfields in 1854- Were Aboriginal people involved in the Eureka rebellion?, University of Ballarat, 2007.</ref>
  
 
== Countries ==
 
== Countries ==
 +
[[File:GILL ST - Lucky digger that returned - 1967.128-wiki.jpg|1000px|thumb|right|Samuel Thomas Gill, ''Lucky digger that returned,'' c1852, watercolour and gum arabic on paper. <br>Art Gallery of Ballarat, gift of Mr. Tony Hamilton and Miss. S.E. Hamilton, 1967.]]
  
 
[[Australia]]
 
[[Australia]]
 +
 +
[[Austria]]
  
 
[[America]]
 
[[America]]
 +
 +
[[Brazil]]
  
 
[[Canada]]
 
[[Canada]]
 +
 +
[[China]]
  
 
[[Cornwall]]
 
[[Cornwall]]
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[[Guernsey]]
 
[[Guernsey]]
  
[[Holland]]
+
Holland - See [[Netherlands]]
  
 
[[Ireland]]
 
[[Ireland]]
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[[Norway]]
 
[[Norway]]
 +
 +
[[Nova Scotia]]
  
 
[[Peru]]
 
[[Peru]]
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== References ==
 
== References ==
 
<References/>
 
<References/>
 +
 +
 +
----
 +
 +
 +
This page researched and compiled by Clare Gervasoni and Dorothy Wickham from research undertaken in the Eureka Research Directory, 1999. The research has been refined over the following decades.
 +
 +
 +
Please ensure correct attribution as outlined at - https://www.eurekapedia.org/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Country_of_Origin&id=34356

Latest revision as of 00:06, 20 February 2024

Eureka Stockade by Beryl Ireland, c1995. State Library of Victoria (H141890)
This work is an over-painted photographic print, photographed by an unknown photographer from the painted canvas by Izett Watson and Thaddeus Welch, which was exhibited as a painted cyclorama in the 'Battle of Waterloo' Cyclorama building, Fitzroy, ca. 1891. This is based on the evidence that the pulleys and brick wall are discernible at the top edge of the image which B. Ireland has not over-painted.

Background

The 1850s Victorian goldfields population was one of the most cosmopolitan places in Australia and was comprised of many nationalities. All inhabitants lived under the British legal system, and many being foreigners or reformists were displeased with the laws governing them. Some had fled troubles in Continental Europe and elsewhere, and had witnessed the results of oppressive tyrants and governments. Some had been Chartists in England while others followed enlightened views in their homelands, and did not want to be repressed once again. [1]

James Madden wrote in 1904:

... One thing that pains me, and to which I must give an emphatic denial, is a statement that the fight was only shared by one section of the population. I say, from an intimate knowledge of events, that Englishmen, Irishmen, Scotchmen,and men from other European countries, fought together and so did men of every religion. My family are Ulster-Protestants, and the latter are not usually weak in their faith, and we had many friends, also strict Irish Protestants, who fought and died side by side-with men of all other creeds; among them Irish Catholics. The struggle was one in which all religions united, so great was the oppression; and so strong was the desire to gain for Australia the freedom we have to-day. I cannot under stand how men who claim to he comrades of those who died can so traduce their memory, unless they belonged to the spies on Ballarat at the time. ...[2]

Eureka - A Multicultural Event

Document showing returnsPublic Record Office Victoria

Eureka - Multicultural Event

https://ballaratheritage.com.au/article/eureka-a-multicultural-affair/

The NATURALISATION OF FOREIGNERS. A meeting of the Germans on Ballarat, was held last evening at the Old Kayser's Hotel, Main Road, for the purpose of petitioning Parliament to grant foreigners the same privilege after naturalisation, as possessed by British born subjects. Mr Charles Wiesenhavern being called to the chair, briefly opened the proceedings by stating the purpose of the meeting. Mr C. P. Fassert, alluding to a speech delivered in the Legislative Assembly by Dr. Evans, (on the second clause of the Electoral Amendment Bill), on the subject of naturalized foreigners being entitled to the same privileges as British subjects, and stated that there were 20,000 Germans in this colony, who, not only observed the same laws and restrictions as British subjects, but were very frequently called upon to act as jurymen at inquests and criminal sittings; they had taxes, duties, &c, and consequently ought to be entitled to the same priviliges. Mr Fassert moved, and Mr A. Pohl seconded— "That a petition be sent by all Germans to the Houses of Parliament, praying for those priviliges."—Carried. Mr Emil Pohl moved, and Mr Hoevermann seconded— "That a committee be formed for the purpose of framing the petitions and to act in favor of the movement."—Carried. Mr F. Courtain moved, and Mr C. Berghaff seconded "That the Committee should at once enter into correspondence with the German Residents in Melbourne, &c., and the gold fields, for the purpose of joining the movement."—Carried. Mr Adolph Pohl moved, and C. P. Fassert seconded "That all other European Nations and Americans be called upon to petition for the same oject."—Carried. The following committee was formed to carry out the movement, viz.:—Messrs. Emil Pohl, Max. Hoevermann, C. Ph. Fassert, and Charles Wiesenhavern. A vote of thanks to the Chairman concluded the proceedings of the evening.[3]


Eureka Remembrance Pathway at the Eureka Centre

A Pathway of Remembrance for the 35 lives lost at the Battle of Eureka in 1854 was unveiled recently by the Irish Ambassador to Australia, Mr Tim Mawe. Mr Mawe said that the values of Eureka were long term in pursuing equality fairness and democracy and were equally relevant to his country. Costing $18 000, the Pathway of Remembrance was supported by diplomatic missions to Australia which provided plaques to honour their fallen citizens, including the British High Commission, High Commission of Canada, Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany and Embassy of the Republic of Ireland. Additional plaques have been funded by the City of Goulburn and Mulwaree (Australia) and Eureka Australia, with project funding and delivery by the City of Ballarat.

Thirty-five eucalyptus trees are planted along the Pathway with plaques indicating the country of origin of the person who died.

The Pathway equally honours all the men and women who died at the Eureka Stockade, but whose names are not recorded. The path begins at the Eureka Circle where the story of Eureka is depicted across 20 individual panels, and then cuts across the lawn to reach the memorial to the Pikeman’s dog, an Irish terrier, who stayed with his master when he was shot at Eureka.[4]

Jews and Eureka

Samuel Lazarus a young Jewish schoolmaster from Liverpool made his way to the Ballarat goldfields. He gave a vivid account of the lead up to Eureka in his diary. He describes a 'cruel butchery ... cold-blooded murder ... unpardonable recklessness' when writing about the Eureka Affair.[5] Charles Dyte and Henry Harris both freemasons and both Jewish were members of the Ballarat Reform League and drafted resolutions at the Monster Meetings on Bakery Hill in November 1854. Edward Thonen a lemonade seller was the only Jewish person killed on the 3 December 1854.

http://jewishhistoryaustralia.net/jha/Eureka.htm

Eureka & the Indigenous Population

An incident on the Ballarat goldfields on 21 September 1851 illustrates the intention of the government forces and their preparedness to intervene in case of disorder. Commissioner Doveton and his assistant David Armstrong explained to the diggers the government’s decision to introduce licensing fees, which attracted an angry response from the miners. A public meeting was held immediately, and when the first men came forward to pay the fee, 13 they were struck and pelted by ‘the mob’ as Dana called them. Had it not been for the presence of the Native Police, Dana reported, those diggers would have been seriously injured (Fels 1988, p. 213)’. [6]

Countries

Samuel Thomas Gill, Lucky digger that returned, c1852, watercolour and gum arabic on paper.
Art Gallery of Ballarat, gift of Mr. Tony Hamilton and Miss. S.E. Hamilton, 1967.

Australia

Austria

America

Brazil

Canada

China

Cornwall

Corsica

Denmark

England

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Guernsey

Holland - See Netherlands

Ireland

Italy

Jamaica

Jewish

Netherlands

Norway

Nova Scotia

Peru

Poland

Portugal

Prussia

Russia

Scotland

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

United States of America

Wales

West Indies

References

  1. Wickham, D., Gervasoni, C. & Phillipson, W., Eureka Research Directory, Ballarat Heritage Services, 1999.
  2. West Australian, 2 November 1904,
  3. The Star 24 December 1856
  4. Excerpt from The Cornish Association of Victoria Inc. Ballarat Branch Newsletter, August 2022, pages 7-8.
  5. Hilary L. Rubenstein, The Jews in Victoria 1835-1985, Allen & Unwin, 1986, page 19. Rubenstein notes that 'He should not be confused with Samuel Lazarus, a Melbourne fancy goods importer who was president of the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation in 1865. Rubenstein also notes that the Samuel Lazarus Diary is housed at La Trobe Library, MS 11484.
  6. Clark, Ian D., Another Side of Eureka - the Aboriginal presence on the Ballarat goldfields in 1854- Were Aboriginal people involved in the Eureka rebellion?, University of Ballarat, 2007.




This page researched and compiled by Clare Gervasoni and Dorothy Wickham from research undertaken in the Eureka Research Directory, 1999. The research has been refined over the following decades.


Please ensure correct attribution as outlined at - https://www.eurekapedia.org/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Country_of_Origin&id=34356